Portrait of Emperor Matthias

This portrait was made only a few years after Matthias forced his brother Rudolf II to relinquish control of the Holy Roman Empire. Surrounding the sculpted bust of Matthias is a wreath with medallion portraits of earlier Habsburg emperors (including Rudolf II). The placement of the Roman god Mercury and goddess Minerva on either side signify Matthias’s eloquence and wisdom, respectively. The subjects of his realm, shown at the bottom wearing western and Turkish clothing, look up at him with awe and reverence. Above, the Three Graces rain down jewels, flowers, and fruit—signs of prosperity and abundance.