Frederick Douglass

Art Institute of Chicago, "In Their Own Right," September 27, 1997-January 11, 1998. (Colin Westerbeck) (Galleries 141 & 142) Art Institute of Chicago, "Majestic in his Wrath: The Frederick Douglass Daguerreotype," February 8–June 1, 2003. Washington, D.C., National Gallery of Art, "Tell It With Pride: The 54th Massachusetts Regiment and August Saint-Gaudens' Shaw Memorial," September 15, 2013–January 20, 2014. (Wendy Battaglino) Art Institute of Chicago, Gallery 189 Permanent Collection Rotation, January 8–April 15, 2019.

Rossen, Susan F. 1999. "Introduction." Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies, vol. 24. no. 2. p. 142. “African Americans in Art: Selections from The Art Institute of Chicago.” edited by Susan F. Rossen, 9. Chicago, The Art Institute of Chicago in association with the University of Washington Press, 1999 Westerbeck, Colin L. 1999. “Frederick Douglass Chooses His Moment.” Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies, vol. 24, no. 2. pp. 144-61, figs. 1, 10. Foner, Eric. 2001. “The Civil War and the Story of American Freedom.” Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies, vol. 27. no. 1. p. 18, pl. 4. Davis, David Brion. 2006. "Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World." Oxford Unversity Press. n. pag. Sharp, Robert V., Elizabeth Stepina and Susan E. Weidemeyer. 2009. "The Art Institute of Chicago: The Essential Guide." Art Institute of Chicago. p. 269. Druick, Douglas and Robert V. Sharp. 2013. "The Art Institute of Chicago: The Essential Guide." Art Institute of Chicago. p. 283. Greenough, Sarah and Nancy K. Anderson. 2013. "Tell It with Pride: The 54th Massachusetts Regiment and August Saint-Gaudens' Shaw Memorial." Exh. cat. National Gallery of Art, Washington/Yale University Press. p. 27, pl. 5. Matthew S. Witkovsky et al., "The Art Institute of Chicago Field Guide to Photography and Media," ed. Antawan I. Byrd, Elizabeth Siegel, and Carl Fuldner, fig. 1, p. 13 (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2023).